Biology 2022

Objective Questions

Which of the following statements about living things is correct?

A) Animals respire using carbon (IV) oxide as a raw material B) Growth in plants is limited after sometime C) Most plants respond to stimulus slowly D) Higher animals can reproduce asexually

Correct Answer: C) Most plants respond to stimulus slowly

Organ level of organization in living things is found in:

A) Waterleaf plant B) Virus particle C) Kidney D) Spermatozoon

Correct Answer: C) Kidney

Diagram X and Y below are illustrations of transverse sections of a part of plants. Study them and answer question 3 to 5

From the diagram above, which of the following statements is not correct? Diagrams X and Y are sections of:

A) Roots B) A dicotyledonous root and monocotyledonous root respectively C) Vascular bundles D) Stems

Correct Answer: D) Stems

From the diagram above, the part responsible for conducting water and dissolved mineral salts from the soil to the leaves is labelled:

A) I B) II C) III D) IV

Correct Answer: A) I

From the diagram above, the part labelled II is the:

A) Pith B) Xylem C) Phloem D) Endodermis

Correct Answer: A) Pith

The organelles in cells which are also referred to as suicidal bags are the:

A) Mitochondria B) Lysosomes C) Ribosomes D) Nuclei

Correct Answer: B) Lysosomes

The process that brings about the shrinking of a Spirogyra cell when placed in a strong solution is:

A) Osmosis B) Autolysis C) Plasmolysis D) Diffusion

Correct Answer: C) Plasmolysis

The region of a plant stem in which cells divide to increase its diameter is the:

A) Cambium B) Phloem C) Xylem D) Collenchyma

Correct Answer: A) Cambium

The total number of caudal vertebrae in animals X and Y is 4 and 27 respectively. The animals are likely to be:

A) Fish and human B) Toad and rat C) Toad and fish D) Humans and rat

Correct Answer: D) Humans and rat

Which of the following blood components has the greatest affinity for oxygen and carbon (IV) oxide?

A) Lymphocyte B) Erythrocyte C) Blood plasma D) Thrombocyte

Correct Answer: B) Erythrocyte

Use the following processes to answer question 11 and 12 paragraph

I - Ribs move upward and outward paragraph
II - Diaphragm relaxes paragraph
III - Volume of thorax increases paragraph
IV - Air is forced out of the lungs

From the following process above, which of the processes take place during inspiration?

A) I and III only B) II and III only C) II and IV only D) III and IV only

Correct Answer: A) I and III only

From the process above, which of the processes is a direct result of contraction of the intercostal muscles?

A) I B) II C) III D) IV

Correct Answer: A) I

The process by which the amount of water and solute in the blood are controlled is known as:

A) Haemolysis B) Diffusion C) Turgidity D) Osmoregulation

Correct Answer: D) Osmoregulation

The table below shows the effect of hormones I, II, III, and IV on some parts of the human body. where ✓ represents effect and ✕ represents no effect of hormone on the corresponding part of the body. Study it and answer question 14 and 15.

From the diagram above, which of the following hormones are I, II, III and IV respectively?

A) ADH, Glucagon, Oestrogen, Adrenaline B) Adrenaline, Glucagon, Oestrogen, ADH C) Glucagon, ADH, Oestrogen, Adrenaline D) Adrenaline, ADH, Oestrogen, Glucagon

Correct Answer: D) Adrenaline, ADH, Oestrogen, Glucagon

From the diagram above, the hormone responsible for anxiety is:

A) I B) II C) III D) IV

Correct Answer: A) I

The diagram below is an illustration of some parts of a mammalian ear. Study it and answer question 16 to 18

From the above diagram, the part labelled I are the:

A) Semi circular canals B) Ossicles C) Cochlea D) External auditory meatus

Correct Answer: B) Ossicles

From the diagram above, which of the parts are correctly grouped? Inner ear, Middle ear, Outer ear:

A) I, IV ---------- III ---------- II B) III ---------- II, IV ---------- I C) I ---------- II ---------- III, IV D) II ---------- I, II ---------- IV

Correct Answer: D) II ---------- I, II ---------- IV

From the diagram above, the middle ear is connected to the pharynx by the part labelled:

A) I B) II C) III D) IV

Correct Answer: C) III

The diagrams below are illustrations of two different cells involved in a biological process in mammals. Study them and answer questions 19 to 21

From the diagram above, which parts of P and Q fuse to complete the biological process?

A) III and I B) IV and I C) III and II D) IV and II

Correct Answer: A) III and I

From the diagram above, which of the following statements about P and Q is correct?

A) Both cells are structures for asexual reproduction B) Both cells normally belong to the same individual C) Both cells are found in plants D) The union of both cells gives rise to a new mammal

Correct Answer: D) The union of both cells gives rise to a new mammal

From the diagram above, if the number of chromosomes in the skin cells of mammals is 46, how many chromosomes would be found in P and Q respectively?

A) 23 and 23 B) 23 and 46 C) 46 and 23 D) 46 and 46

Correct Answer: A) 23 and 23

In which of the following structures is simple sugar produced?

A) Vacuole B) Cytoplasm C) Chloroplast D) Cell wall

Correct Answer: C) Chloroplast

An evidence of the occurrence of photosynthesis in an experiment is the:

A) Release of carbon (IV) oxide B) Release of oxygen C) Formation of water molecules D) Formation and release of fructose

Correct Answer: B) Release of oxygen

The major sources of vitamin A are:

A) Egg yolk, carrot, and palm oil B) Mango, pawpaw, and eggs C) Sorghum, soya bean, and liver D) Rice bran, green vegetables, and milk

Correct Answer: A) Egg yolk, carrot, and palm oil

Diagram J is a protease while diagrams K, L, M and N are food substances. Study them and answer questions 25 to 27.

From the diagram above, which of the illustrated food substances would form a reaction with protease J?

A) K B) L C) M D) N

Correct Answer: B) L

From the diagram above, protease J would react with the particular illustrated substance because enzymes:

A) Are denatured at a high frequency B) Are specific in their action C) Remain unchanged after a reaction D) Speed up the rate of chemical reaction

Correct Answer: B) Are specific in their action

From the diagram above, after a reaction between protease J and the food substance, the end-product would be:

A) Fatty acids B) Glucose C) Amino acids D) Water

Correct Answer: C) Amino acids

The property of clayey soil that prevents it from supporting thick vegetation is its:

A) Composition of chemically weathered granite rocks B) Inability to retain much water C) Tendency of becoming waterlogged D) Porosity and low water-retention

Correct Answer: C) Tendency of becoming waterlogged

Which of the following practices will not maintain soil fertility?

A) Preventing soil erosion B) Bush fallowing C) Leaving the land bare D) Planting cover crops

Correct Answer: C) Leaving the land bare

A group of organisms of the same species living in a particular place is known as:

A) Colony B) Community C) Ecosystem D) Population

Correct Answer: D) Population

The diagram below is an illustration of an experiment on sedimentation of soil. Use it to answer questions 31 and 32

From the above diagram, the organic component of the soil is labelled:

A) I B) II C) III D) IV

Correct Answer: A) I

From the diagram above, the part labelled IV is:

A) Silt B) Sand C) Humus D) Clay

Correct Answer: B) Sand

Which of the following pyramids is not used in ecology? Pyramid of:

A) Energy B) Numbers C) Biomass D) Organisms

Correct Answer: D) Organisms

Study the food chain illustrated below and use it to answer questions 34 to 36

J → K →L →M →N

From the above illustration, Organism J is normally sustained by energy from:

A) Green plants B) Carbohydrates C) Organism K D) Sunlight

Correct Answer: D) Sunlight

From the illustration above, which of the following statements about organism L is correct?

A) It feeds on organism M B) It is a primary consumer C) It is the producer D) It is a secondary consumer

Correct Answer: D) It is a secondary consumer

From the illustration above, the position occupied by each of organism J, K, L, M, and N in the food chain is known as:

A) Energy level B) Trophic level C) Food web D) Pyramid of numbers

Correct Answer: B) Trophic level

Which of the following features is not an adaptation of plants to aquatic habitats?

A) Breathing roots for entry of air B) Flowers are raised above water to attract pollinators C) Spongy tissues containing gases for buoyancy D) Hairy structures on the leaves to reduce water loss

Correct Answer: D) Hairy structures on the leaves to reduce water loss

The biological association that contributes directly to succession in a community is:

A) Competition B) Predation C) Parasitism D) Commensalism

Correct Answer: A) Competition

The conservation of natural resources is enhanced by the following practices except:

A) Controlling farming activities B) Protecting endangered species C) Poaching in game reserves D) Establishing parks and gardens

Correct Answer: C) Poaching in game reserves

The burning of farmlands should be discouraged because it:

A) Destroys the organic components of the soil B) Increases the population of wild animals on the farm C) Increases the dormancy period of some seeds D) Destroys some plant pests

Correct Answer: A) Destroys the organic components of the soil

The use of a lighter instead of match sticks is a way of conserving:

A) Petroleum B) Forest C) Water D) Wildlife

Correct Answer: B) Forest

An accident victim was successfully transfused with blood from the father whose blood group is AB. The blood group of the accident victim is:

A) B B) O C) AB D) A

Correct Answer: C) AB

Which of the following traits in humans is an example of physiological variation?

A) Skin color B) Fingerprint C) Tongue rolling D) Height

Correct Answer: C) Tongue rolling

Individuals belonging to blood group O are universal donors because:

A) Antigens are absent in their blood B) Members of the group constitute the highest number of humans C) There are no antibodies in their blood plasma D) The antigens in their blood cells are easily destroyed

Correct Answer: A) Antigens are absent in their blood

Two tall plants were crossed and all the F1 plants were tall. When the F1 plants were selfed, some of the F2 plants were tall while others were short. What are the possible genotypes of the original plants?

A) Tt and tt B) TT and TT C) tt and tt D) TT and Tt

Correct Answer: D) TT and Tt

Which of the following statements best describes a test cross?

A) It is to determine the genotype of an individual whose phenotype is known B) It is to determine the phenotype of an individual whose genotype is known C) It is between the progeny of parents to ascertain their external expressions D) Between two homozygous recessive individuals to confirm the genotypes of the offspring

Correct Answer: A) It is to determine the genotype of an individual whose phenotype is known

Which of the following statements about sex-linked traits is not correct?

A) Males inherit sex-linked traits from their fathers B) Sex-linked traits are more common in males C) Females can be carriers because they can be heterozygous for the trait D) Males are never carriers since they only receive one sex chromosome

Correct Answer: A) Males inherit sex-linked traits from their fathers

When two carriers of sickle cell anaemia produce an offspring, the probability of the offspring being a sickler is:

A) ¾ B) ¼ C) ½ D) ⅔

Correct Answer: B) ¼

Which of the following organisms exhibits adaptive coloration?

A) Rabbit B) Chameleon C) Mouse D) Dog

Correct Answer: B) Chameleon

Which of the following sequences is the correct evolutionary trend in organisms?

A) Algae ⟶ Liverwort ⟶ Ferns ⟶ Angiosperms B) Liverwort ⟶ Angiosperms ⟶ Ferns ⟶ Algae C) Angiosperms ⟶ Algae ⟶ Ferns ⟶ Liverwort D) Ferns ⟶ Liverwort ⟶ Angiosperms ⟶ Algae

Correct Answer: A) Algae ⟶ Liverwort ⟶ Ferns ⟶ Angiosperms

Theory Questions

A sample of human blood was put in a test tube and allowed to spin in a centrifuge. The components of the blood sample were clearly separated.

(a) (i) What is a cell?
(ii) Name three scientists that are associated with the
discovery of the cell.
(b) (i) Make a diagram, 6 cm to 8 cm long of a plant cell
and label only the organelle responsible for cell
reproduction.
(ii) Name one blood cell in humans that does not have
the organelle labelled in 1(b)(i).
(iii) What is the biological implication of the cell named
in 1(b)(i).
(c) List six organelles found in a plant cell.

(a) Complete the table below by ticking (√) the appropriate
group to which each of the listed elements required by plants belongs.

Element
Element	Microelement	Macroelement
Hydrogen
Copper
Magnesium
Zinc
Phosphorus
Manganese
Boron
Nitrogen
Carbon
Oxygen

(b) State:
(i) three differences between definition of herbivore and a carnivore;

(ii) four differences between the definition of a human and a goat.

(c) What are milk teeth?

(a)(i) What is an ecological niche?
(ii) State five roles played by a mango tree in its ecological niche.

(b)(i)State two reasons why ecologists use sampling techniques in population studies.
(c) Name four types of fingerprints in humans.
(d) (i) Name the plant used by Gregor Mendel in his experiment.
(ii)State two reasons why the plant named in 3(d)(i) was used.

(a) (i) What are conservative laws?
(ii) State three conservative laws.
(b) (i) State two reasons why animals are poached.
(ii) Name five animals that are commonly poached.
(c) State four effects of excessive use of the forest.
(d) Explain briefly the following terms:
(i) blood transfusion;
(ii) antigen.

(a) (i) State three difference between the alimentary canals of earthworm and
cockroach.

(ii) State three similarities between the alimentary canals of earthworm and cockroach.

(b) The diagram below is an illustration of a biological cycle. Study it and answer questions 5(b)(i) to 5(b)(iii).

(i) Name the biological cycle.

(ii) Explain briefly three roles played by plants and animals in the cycle.

(iii) Name the processes that occur in X,Y and Z.

	Organ associated with excretion in humans	Three diseases each that affect the organ
(i)
(ii)

(d) (i) what is decay of organic matter?
(ii) Name two groups of organisms that cause decay of organic
matter.
(iii) State one other factor that causes decay.
(iv) Name the biological cycle that involves decay.
(e) Explain briefly the mode of nutrition in carnivorous plants.

Practical Questions

List of specimen
Specimen A – Weevil-damaged bean seed
Specimen B – Viable bean seed
Specimen C – Dried maize grain soaked in water overnight
Specimen D – Soldier termite (dead)
Specimen E – Honeybee (dead)
Specimen F – Muddy water (in a test tube)
Specimen G – Lower jaw of a herbivore with teeth intact
Specimen H – Head of domestic fowl (complete)
Specimen J – Quill feather
Specimen K – Leg of domestic fowl (complete)
Specimen L – Head of duck (complete)
Specimen M – Head of domestic fowl (complete)

Study specimens A and C and answer questions 1(a) to 1(c).

(a) Classify specimens A and C based on their life cycle.
(b) State four observable differences between specimens A and C.
(c) State three ways by which the damage to specimen A could have been prevented.

(d) Name the type of germination that would be observed when specimens A and C are planted.
(c) Place a flat side of specimen C on the tile. Using the razor blade/scalpel/knife provided cut through the specimen longitudinally.
(i) Make a drawing, 6 cm to 8 cm long of the cut surface of one half of specimen C and label fully.
(ii) Add a drop of iodine solution to the cut surface of the other half of specimen C and record the activity on the table below:

Test	Observation	Inference

Study specimens D and E and answer questions 2(a) and 2(b).

(a) (i) Name the specific habitats of each of specimens D and E.
(ii) State five observable structural differences between specimens D and E exhibit?

(b) State two ways by which specimen E is of economic importance.

Study specimen G and answer questions 2(c) to 2(e).

(c) On the table below, name the types of teeth present in specimen G and state one function each of the types of teeth named.

Types of teeth	One function

(d) (i) Name the mode of feeding of the organism from which specimen G was
obtained.
(ii) State three ways by which specimen G adapts its organisms to the
mode of feeding stated in 2(d)(i).
(c) Name two mineral elements which are needed, for the proper functioning of
specimen G in the body.

Study specimens H, K and M and answer questions 3(a) to 3(f).

(a) State two observable structural differences between:

(i) specimens H and L;
(ii) specimens K and M.

(b) (i) State two ways each by which each of specimens H and M adapt the organisms to
their modes of life.

(ii) Name types of food that the organism that possesses specimen H feeds on.

(c) Make a drawing, 8 cm to 10 cm long of specimen M and label fully.

(d) Name one feeding habit of the organisms that possesses specimen K.

(e) Name one feeding habit of each of the organisms that possesses
specimens H and L:
(f) State two observable similarities between specimens:
(i) H and L;
(ii) K and M.